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YOUR GUIDE TO BETTER EYE CARE
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ALL EYE DISEASES (DEFINED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)
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Albinism:
Ocular albinism is an eye disease characterised by a genetic condition in which the eyes lack melanin pigment, while the skin & the hair show normal or near normal colour. The lack of pigment in the eye causes various vision problems including reduced vision aquity, nystagmus (involuntery back & forth movement of the eyes), Strabismus ( crossed eyes Or lazy eye) & sensitivity to bright light.
Amblyopia:
Amblyopia is an eye disease characterised by poor vision in one or both eyes that did not develop normal sight during early childhood. It is generally caused by lack of use of one eye when the brain favours one eye over the other. In most cases the eye itself is normal. Amblyopia is a disorder of the brain cell that controls the vision in the eye, & not a problem with the eye itself.
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Anophthalmia:
Anophthalmia is an eye disease characterised by the absence of the eyeball & the ocular tissue from the orbit.
The condition may affect one eye or both eyes resulting in blindness.
Astigmatism:
Astigmatism is an eye disease characterised by a focusing condition in which the light rays are not brought to a single sharp focus in the eye. It is usually due to irregular shaped cornea.Condition is rectified by wearing corrective glasses.
Blepharitis:
Blepharitis is a an eye disease chracterised by the inflammnation of the eye lids & the eyelashes resulting in swollen eye lids. It is usally caused by poor eyelid hygeine, bacterial infection, allergic reaction , or increase in the oil production by the glands in the eye lids.
Blepheroplasty:
Blepheroplasty is plastic surgery of the eyelids to remove excess of skin & fatty tissue around the eye to lift the drooping eye lids usually found in old age. It is done to improve vision as well as cosmetic appearance.
Blepheroptosis:
Blepheroptosis or ptosis is an eye disease characterised by drooping of the upper eye lid and it can affect one or both the eyes.
Congenital ptosis is usually presant since birth. If not corrected congenital ptosis may lead to amblyopia.
Blepherospasm:
Belpherospasm is an eye disease characterised by forced, sustained & involuntary closing of the eye lids.
Cataract:
Cataract is condition in which the natural lens in the eye responsible for focusing the light , becomes cloudy resulting in loss of vision. It could affect one or both the eyes and causes gradual loss of vision. The vision is usually corrected by surgery.(For detail information on cataract click the page CATARACT & OTHER EYE DISEASES)
Chalazion:
Chalazion is an eye disease characterised by swellings in the eye lid due to acumulation of meibomian gland secretions resulting from blaockage of the meibomian gland duct. The secretion become hardened causing usaully painless swelling of the lid. If it gets infected it can cause pain and disccomfort.
Stye:
Stye is an infection of the small glands near the eye lashes causing pain swelling and discomfort. This condition is also called Hordeolum.
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Color vision defects:
This is characterised by inability to distinguish some colours and shades. Achromaptosia is a condition in which patients are fully colour blind usually due to no functioning of the cone cells of the retina.
Computer eye strain:
Characterised by tiredness of the eyes, headache, blurred vision , pain , soreness of the eye, redness, watering , dry eyes, & itching. This is caused by prolonged use of computers.
Conjunctivitis:
Also known as red eye, it is a condition in which the conjunctiva, which is the membrane that covers the eye & covers the inner surface of the eyelid gets inflammed. It is caused either by bacterial or viral infection. which may be due to contaminated hands towels & cosmetics, false eye lashes, contact lenses, following the attack of flu, irritation due to soap, hair spray make up , cleaning fluids , chlorine & allergic conditions etc.
Corneal transplant surgery:
It is a surgery in which hazy cornea is replaced by donated cornea from the donated eyeball. Cornea may become hazy following disease or injury casuing loss of vision. This vision can be restored by replacing the damaged cornea with a healthy cornea from a diseased person by the procedure called corneal transplant surgery also known as Keratoplasty.
Corneal Dystrophy:
It a hereditary condition resulting in accumulation of abnormal material in the cornea. There are several different types of corneal distrophies some of which may affect the vision seriously.
Diabetic retinopathy:
It is an ocular disease characterised by damaged & abnormally growing blood vessles within the retina. It most often occurs win patients with long term diabetes. There are two types of diabetic retinopathy. Non proliferative & proliferative. Non proliferative retinopathy is characterised by damaged retinal veassels leaking fluid ( fat & protein particles) which become deposited in patches known as retinal exudates.The retinal blood vessles may also bleed causing tiny heamorhages.
Proliferative diaberic retinopathy is charcaterrised by new abnormal blood vessles growth which extends over the surface of the retina & occassionally invades the vitreous gel of the eye. This abnormal vessles frequently break causing bleed in the vitreous gel. If untreated this can cause significant loss of vision.
DRY EYE SYNDROME:
It is a disease in which there is fault with the quantity or the quality of the tear film production.This may cause dry, red burning gritty & watery eyes.This is a group of symptoms that develop as a result of other underlying medical problems such as damage to the surface of the eye, eye allergies, medications, arthritits, environmental factors such as low humidity.
EXFOLIATION SYNDROME:
It is an eye disease in which a whitish material some what like dandruff builds up on the lens of the eye which is then rubbed off by iris movement. This dispersed exfoliation & iris pigment blocks the trabecular meshwork causing glaucoma or high ocular pressure.
EYE NEOPLASMS or eye growth(tumour):
In which there is growth of new tissue or tumour that may be malignant or cancerous.There are many different types of eye tumours like retinoblastoma or basal cell carcinoma.
FLOATERS:
This is a condition in which there are semitrasparent or cloudy particles seems to float about in the field of vision.This is usually due to degenerative changes in the vitreous gel of eye.
GLAUCOMA:
It is charcatrised by high pressure in the eye causing damage to the optic nerves. There are many different types of glaucoma.(Click on page cataract & other eye diseases for details on glaucoma)
HORNERS SYNDROME:
It is characterised by nerve involment causing drooping eye lids, ptosis, & or lack of sweating around eyes(anhydrosis)
HYPEROPIA: or Hypermetropia:
It is a refractive error where the rays of light focus behind the retina instead of focusing on the retina thus causing blurred vision.This is ususally corrected by plus or convex lenses.
HYPHEAMA:
It is an ocular disease characterised by presence of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, ussually as a result of blunt trauma to the eye.
IRITIS:
It is an infflamation of the iris, the part of the eye that forms the pupil. It is a common eye condition & is easily treatable in most cases, but can become sight threatning at times specially when left untreated.It is caused due to many different reasons like infection, systemic inflammation or many times no apparent cause is detected.
ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY
It is an eye disease in which there is reduced blood supply to the optic nerve. It is common cause of loss of vision in middle age group. Interrupted blood supply to the front or anterior part of the optic nerve is called anterior optic neuropathy.In some condition posterior part of the optic nerve suffers from loss of blood supply causing posterior optic neuropathy. Ischemic optic neuropathy can be due to many causes including inflammation of the arteries.
KERATOCONUS:
It is ocular disease in which there is cone like bulge in the cornea. The normal round & spherical shape of the cornea is gradually distorted, progressively thinning & becoming irregular, sometimes forming scars & thus rersulting in visual impairment.
LACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION:
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction cause excessive tearing & mucus discharge from the affected eye.This may lead to recurrent red eye & infections.The excessive tearing can produce secondary skin changes on the lower eye lids as well.
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MACULAR DEGENEARTION:
It is a disorder of the retina in which the cells of the macular region gets damaged & stops functioning. This is also known as AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.There are two types of macular degenaration, Dry & Wet. In dry degeneration the most common type, the visial cells simply cease to function like colors fading in old photograph. In the wet degeneration, leaking blood vessles cause scarring of the macula.
MYOPIA:
Is a refractive error where the light rays entering the eye comes to focus before the retina instead of falling on the retina, thus causing blurred vision. This could be due to long eye ball or cornea which has too much focusing power.This is usually corrected by wearing glasses with concave lenses.
NYSTAGMUS:
It is an ocular disease characterised by involuntary movement of the eye often causing serioius vision impairment.In this condition the eye ball shows repetitive fast side to side movement as if vibrating.
OPTIC NEURITIS:
It is characterised by imflamation of the optic nerve.This is also called retro bulbar neuritis.Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause for this.
OPTIC NEUROPATHY:
It is characterised by rare maternally inherited disorder of the optic nerve, caused by mutation in the small bit of DNA. This results in leagal blindness in most of the patints it affects.
PRESBYOPIA :
Is characterised by refractive error in which the normal crystalline lens of the eye looses its flexibility causing a decrease in accomodation ( the ability of the eye to focus on the close objects) This is usually corrected by reading glasses.This is also known as OLD SIGHTED since it is considered normal part of ageing affecting people over 40.
PTERIGIUM:
It is a condition in which there is proliferation of the conjunctival tissue. This is a fleshy growth that often begins in one corner of the eye & grows inwards towards the cornea.It can grow on to the cornea causing irregular astigmatism & loss of vision.
PINGUECULA:
It is usually beningn growth characterised by one or more yellowish soft tissue growths on the sclera usually due to fat deposit & is located in the side of the eye adjascent to cornea.This could also be a precurssor of pterigium.
RETINAL DETACHMENT:
IT is characterised by seperation of the retina from the back wall of the eye.This usually begins with development of a small hole or tear in the retina. The fluid from the vitreous passes throw this tear & accumulates between the retina & the back wall thus causing the retina to detach from its normal position, causing loss of vision. This is one of the few emergencies in the eye & if not surgically corrected results in permanent loss of vision.
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA:
Is characterised by group of hereditory diseases of the retina.In this condition specific photoreceptor cellls called rods degenerate resulting in reduced night vision & peripheral vision. On examination the retina usually shows deposition of blackish pigmentation, hence the name retinitis pigmentosa.
STRABISMUS:
Condition in which the eyes are misaligned & point in different directions.There are different forms of strabismus.
1.CROSSED EYES OR ESOTROPIA in which the eye balls point inwardly towards the nose.
2.EXOTROPIA in which the eyes point outwards.
TRACHOMA:
It is characterised by inflammatory reaction to chlamidia a type of microorganism resembling bacteria & viruses. This causes formation of follicles in the conjunctiva.After repeated infections the inside of the eyelids may be so badly scarred that the eyelids turns inwards causing the eyelashes to rub on the eye ball. This can lead to blindness due to corneal scarring if left untreated.The disease spreads through contact with eye discharge from towels,fingers & poor eye hygeine.
UVEITIS:
It is the inflammation of the UVEA or the middle layer of the eye wall, consisting of the iris (IRITIS), ciliaray body (cyclitis) & the choroid (Choroiditis).
IF YOU NEED MORE INFO ON SPECIFIC EYE CONDITION OR NEED ANY OTHER INFO ABOUT EYE SEND US AN E MAIL : eye_specialist@hotmail.com
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